The differentiation process of the epidermal cells begins after the formation of the cells in the basal layer. In the upper layers the cells undergo changes in shape and function and finally form the stratum corneum- the skin barrier, which composed of dead flat cells, tightly linked together. A waxy substance is present between the cells.
 The final process is the desquamation – the shedding of the dead cells from the outermost layer of the epidermis. Any dysfunction inthe differentiation process will lead to a defective skin barrier, dry or even flaky skin.
Retinol affects the differentiation process and the epidermal regeneration rate. Alpha hydroxy acids affect the renewal of the epidermis and assist the process of shedding by weakening the strong connections between cells in the stratum corneum.
In addition, both retinol and alpha hydroxy acids affect the quality of the components of the deeper layers of the skin and therefore improve skin texture and topography.
Therefore, the combination of alpha hydroxy acids at the optimal concentration and pH , with retinol is beneficial to the skin texture, skin tone and skin moisturization.
The serum has a light texture, it contains retinol, glycolic acid, malic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E.